Get Excellent Marks in One Go with HashiCorp HCVA0-003 Real Dumps
Get Excellent Marks in One Go with HashiCorp HCVA0-003 Real Dumps
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HashiCorp Certified: Vault Associate (003)Exam Sample Questions (Q176-Q181):
NEW QUESTION # 176
What is true about the output of the following command (select three)?
- A. The keys will be returned encrypted
- B. The admin will receive the unseal keys and be able to unseal Vault themselves
- C. The admin never sees all the unseal keys and cannot unseal Vault by themselves
- D. Each individual can only decrypt their own unseal key using their private PGP key
- E. All three users, Jane/John/Student01, will receive all unseal keys and can unseal Vault
Answer: A,C,D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
The command initializes Vault, splitting the master key into 3 shares (threshold 2) and encrypting each with PGP keys for Jane, John, and Student01. Let's analyze:
* Option A: The admin never sees all the unseal keys and cannot unseal Vault by themselvesWith - pgp-keys, Vault encrypts each share with a user's public PGP key. The admin (initializer) sees only encrypted outputs (e.g., Key 1: <encrypted>), not plaintext keys. Since 2 shares are needed and no single entity gets all, the admin can't unseal alone. Correct.Vault Docs Insight:"The initializer receives encrypted keys... never sees all plaintext keys, enhancing security." (Directly stated.)
* Option B: All three users, Jane/John/Student01, will receive all unseal keys and canunseal Vault Each user gets one encrypted share (e.g., Jane gets Key 1, John Key 2). No user receives all shares- only one, decryptable with their private key. Unsealing requires collaboration (2 of 3), so this is false.
Incorrect.Vault Docs Insight:"Each PGP key encrypts one share... No single user gets all keys." (Distribution is per-user.)
* Option C: The admin will receive the unseal keys and be able to unseal Vault themselvesWithout PGP, the admin gets plaintext keys. With -pgp-keys, they get encrypted keys they can't decrypt (lacking private keys). Threshold=2 means collaboration is required. Incorrect.Vault Docs Insight:"Using PGP keys ensures the initializer cannot unseal alone..." (Security feature.)
* Option D: The keys will be returned encryptedThe -pgp-keys flag encrypts each share with the corresponding public key. Output shows encrypted blobs (e.g., base64-encoded PGP ciphertext), not plaintext. Correct.Vault Docs Insight:"Vault will generate the unseal keys and encrypt them using the given PGP keys..." (Explicit behavior.)
* Option E: Each individual can only decrypt their own unseal key using their private PGP key Each share is encrypted with one user's public key (e.g., Jane's key encrypts Key 1). Only Jane's private key decrypts it. This ensures secure distribution. Correct.Vault Docs Insight:"Only the owner of the corresponding private key can decrypt the value..." (PGP security.) Detailed Mechanics:
Command: vault operator init -key-shares=3 -key-threshold=2 -pgp-keys="jane.pgp,john.pgp,student01.pgp".
Vault generates 3 shares via Shamir's Secret Sharing, encrypts each (Key 1 with jane.pgp, etc.), and outputs encrypted strings. Unsealing requires 2 decrypted shares combined via vault operator unseal. PGP ensures the admin can't access plaintext, enforcing split knowledge.
Real-World Example:
Output: Key 1: <encrypted-jane>, Key 2: <encrypted-john>, Key 3: <encrypted-student01>. Jane decrypts Key 1 with gpg -d, John decrypts Key 2. They submit via UI or CLI to unseal.
Overall Explanation from Vault Docs:
"Vault can optionally be initialized using PGP keys. In this mode, Vault will generate the unseal keys and immediately encrypt them using the given users' public PGP keys. Only the owner of the corresponding private key is able to decrypt the value... The initializer never sees all plaintext keys and cannot unseal Vault alone." This enhances security by distributing trust.
Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/commands/operator/init#pgp-keys
NEW QUESTION # 177
Your organization has many applications needing heavy read access to Vault. As these applications integrate with Vault, the primary Vault cluster's performance is negatively impacted. What feature can you use to scale the cluster and improve performance?
- A. Enable control groups
- B. Enable multiple secrets engines for the applications
- C. Add performance standby nodes
- D. Add additional standby nodes
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
To address performance issues from heavy read access, Vault Enterprise offersperformancestandby nodes:
* D. Add performance standby nodes: These nodes handle read-only requests locally, offloading the primary cluster. "Vault Enterprise offers additional features that allow HA nodes to service read-only requests on the local standby node," improving scalability and performance.
* Incorrect Options:
* A. Additional Standby Nodes: Standard HA standby nodes focus on failover, not read scaling.
"May help with high availability, but not directly address performance."
* B. Multiple Secrets Engines: Organizes secrets but doesn't scale read performance. "Does not directly address performance issues."
* C. Control Groups: A resource management feature, not for scaling Vault. "Not directly related to scaling the Vault cluster." Performance standby nodes distribute read workloads effectively in Vault Enterprise.
Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/enterprise/performance-standby
NEW QUESTION # 178
Which core component of Vault can store, generate, or encrypt data for organizations?
- A. storage backend
- B. auth method
- C. audit device
- D. secrets engine
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Secrets engines are Vault's core components for managing data. The Vault documentation states:
"Secrets engines are components that store, generate, or encrypt data. Secrets engines are incredibly flexible, so it is easiest to think about them in terms of their function. Secrets engines are provided some set of data, they take some action on that data, and they return a result."
-Vault Secrets Engines
* C: Correct. Secrets engines (e.g., KV, Transit) handle storing, generating, or encrypting data:
"The secrets engine is a core component of Vault that is responsible for storing, generating, and encrypting data for organizations."
-Vault Secrets Engines
* A: Auth methods authenticate, not manage data.
* B: Storage backends persist encrypted data, not generate or encrypt it directly.
* D: Audit devices log actions, not handle data.
References:
Vault Secrets Engines
NEW QUESTION # 179
When you are unsealing Vault using unseal keys, what are you actually doing?
- A. Reconstructing the root key
- B. Decrypting the Vault data
- C. Creating the recovery keys
- D. Exporting the encryption key
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Unsealing involves:
* C. Reconstructing the root key: "Unsealing is the process of obtaining the plaintext root key necessary to read the decryption key to decrypt the data, allowing access to the Vault." The unseal keys reconstruct this root key via Shamir's Secret Sharing.
* Incorrect Options:
* A: Recovery keys are separate.
* B: Keys aren't exported during unseal.
* D: Data decryption is a result, not the action.
Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/concepts/seal#seal-unseal
NEW QUESTION # 180
What are orphan tokens?
- A. Orphan tokens are tokens with a use limit so you can set the number of uses when you createthem
- B. Orphan tokens do not expire when their own max TTL is reached
- C. Orphan tokens are not children of their parent; therefore, orphan tokens do not expire when their parent does
- D. Orphan tokens are tokens with no policies attached
Answer: B
Explanation:
Orphan tokens are tokens that are root of their own token tree. This means that they do not have any parent token associated with them, and they do not expire when their parent token expires. Orphan tokens are useful for scenarios where you need a short-lived and independent token, such as for testing or debugging purposes.
Orphan tokens can also be used to create temporary access tokens for applications or services that need to communicate with Vault without using a long-lived root token. References: Tokens | Vault | HashiCorp Developer, Vault cli: how to create orphan token with role - HashiCorp Discuss
NEW QUESTION # 181
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